The bioprotective role of irradiated hibiscus against harmful effects of using repeatedly frying edible oil

Abstract Repeatedly frying process of dietary edible oil has a potential role in the generation of free radicals. Therefore, questions have always been raised as to whether, there is an efficient and economical method to reduce the harmful effects of repeated use of frying edible oil. Since hibiscus has been stated to have a wide variety of therapeutic effects, it was important to investigate its properties against harmful effects of free radicals. The current study aspires to find out whether irradiated powder of hibiscus has a protective role against adverse effects of repeated use of frying edible oil. Thirty-five adult male albino rats were equally assigned into five groups. First groupG1 was fed with normal diet as control group, meanwhile, groupG2 the diet mixed with fresh oil, G3 diet mixed with repeatedly frying oil only, G4 diet mixed with frying oil treated with hibiscus and G5 diet mixed with frying oil treated with irradiated hibiscus. Feeding duration was six weeks. Fatty acid analyses of oil as well as peroxide values were determined. Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical analyses as well as histological study. Repeatedly heated cooked oil has significant increases in peroxide value, acid value, free fatty acid and both conjugated diene and triene compared with repeatedly frying oil treated with hibiscus. Also there are significant increases in cholesterol and triglyceride and impaired in liver functions in G3compared with others. In addition, relative to the hibiscus groups, there is a substantial reduction in oxygen consumption in G3. Both hibiscus as well as irradiated hibiscus attract attention in order to play a vital and economical role against harmful effects of frequent use of frying edible oil on some biological functions but, irradiated hibiscus was more effective.

Resumo O processo de fritura repetida de óleo comestível da dieta tem papel potencial na geração de radicais livres que podem ter efeitos prejudiciais em algumas funções biológicas. Portanto, sempre se questionou se existe uma maneira eficiente e econômica de prevenir ou pelo menos reduzir os efeitos nocivos do uso repetido de óleo comestível para fritar. Como o hibisco tem ampla variedade de efeitos terapêuticos, foi importante investigar suas propriedades como agente antioxidante contra os efeitos nocivos dos radicais livres. O presente estudo pretende descobrir se o pó irradiado de hibisco tem papel protetor contra os efeitos adversos do uso repetido de óleo comestível para fritar. Trinta e cinco ratos albinos machos adultos foram divididos igualmente em cinco grupos. O primeiro grupo G1 foi alimentado com dieta normal como grupo controle, enquanto o grupo G2 dieta misturada com óleo fresco, dieta G3 misturada com óleo de fritura repetida, dieta G4 misturada com óleo de fritura tratada com hibisco e dieta G5 misturada com óleo de fritura tratada com hibisco irradiado. A duração da alimentação foi de seis semanas. Foram determinadas as análises de ácidos graxos de óleo, bem como os valores de peróxidos. Amostras de sangue e fígado foram coletadas para análises bioquímicas e estudo histológico. O óleo cozido repetidamente aquecido tem aumentos significativos no valor de peróxido, valor de ácido, ácido graxo livre e dieno e trieno conjugados em comparação com óleo de fritura repetidamente tratado com hibisco. Também há aumentos significativos no colesterol e triglicérides e comprometimento das funções hepáticas no G3 em comparação com outros. Além disso, em relação aos grupos de hibiscos, há uma redução substancial no consumo de oxigênio no G3. Tanto o hibisco como o hibisco irradiado chamam atenção por desempenhar papel vital e econômico contra os efeitos nocivos do uso frequente de óleo comestível para fritar em algumas funções biológicas, mas o hibisco irradiado foi mais eficaz.

The bioprotective role of irradiated hibiscus against harmful effects of using repeatedly frying edible oil / O papel bioprotetor do hibisco irradiado contra os efeitos nocivos do uso de óleo comestível para fritar

Abstract Repeatedly frying process of dietary edible oil has a potential role in the generation of free radicals. Therefore, questions have always been raised as to whether, there is an efficient and economical method to reduce the harmful effects of repeated use of frying edible oil. Since hibiscus has been stated to have a wide variety of therapeutic effects, it was important to investigate its properties against harmful effects of free radicals. The current study aspires to find out whether irradiated powder of hibiscus has a protective role against adverse effects of repeated use of frying edible oil. Thirty-five adult male albino rats were equally assigned into five groups. First group"G1" was fed with normal diet as control group, meanwhile, group"G2" the diet mixed with fresh oil, "G3" diet mixed with repeatedly frying oil only, "G4" diet mixed with frying oil treated with hibiscus and "G5" diet mixed with frying oil treated with irradiated hibiscus. Feeding duration was six weeks. Fatty acid analyses of oil as well as peroxide values were determined. Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical analyses as well as histological study. Repeatedly heated cooked oil has significant increases in peroxide value, acid value, free fatty acid and both conjugated diene and triene compared with repeatedly frying oil treated with hibiscus. Also there are significant increases in cholesterol and triglyceride and impaired in liver functions in "G3"compared with others. In addition, relative to the hibiscus groups, there is a substantial reduction in oxygen consumption in "G3". Both hibiscus as well as irradiated hibiscus attract attention in order to play a vital and economical role against harmful effects of frequent use of frying edible oil on some biological functions but, irradiated hibiscus was more effective.

Resumo O processo de fritura repetida de óleo comestível da dieta tem papel potencial na geração de radicais livres que podem ter efeitos prejudiciais em algumas funções biológicas. Portanto, sempre se questionou se existe uma maneira eficiente e econômica de prevenir ou pelo menos reduzir os efeitos nocivos do uso repetido de óleo comestível para fritar. Como o hibisco tem ampla variedade de efeitos terapêuticos, foi importante investigar suas propriedades como agente antioxidante contra os efeitos nocivos dos radicais livres. O presente estudo pretende descobrir se o pó irradiado de hibisco tem papel protetor contra os efeitos adversos do uso repetido de óleo comestível para fritar. Trinta e cinco ratos albinos machos adultos foram divididos igualmente em cinco grupos. O primeiro grupo "G1" foi alimentado com dieta normal como grupo controle, enquanto o grupo "G2" dieta misturada com óleo fresco, dieta "G3" misturada com óleo de fritura repetida, dieta "G4" misturada com óleo de fritura tratada com hibisco e dieta "G5" misturada com óleo de fritura tratada com hibisco irradiado. A duração da alimentação foi de seis semanas. Foram determinadas as análises de ácidos graxos de óleo, bem como os valores de peróxidos. Amostras de sangue e fígado foram coletadas para análises bioquímicas e estudo histológico. O óleo cozido repetidamente aquecido tem aumentos significativos no valor de peróxido, valor de ácido, ácido graxo livre e dieno e trieno conjugados em comparação com óleo de fritura repetidamente tratado com hibisco. Também há aumentos significativos no colesterol e triglicérides e comprometimento das funções hepáticas no "G3" em comparação com outros. Além disso, em relação aos grupos de hibiscos, há uma redução substancial no consumo de oxigênio no "G3". Tanto o hibisco como o hibisco irradiado chamam atenção por desempenhar papel vital e econômico contra os efeitos nocivos do uso frequente de óleo comestível para fritar em algumas funções biológicas, mas o hibisco irradiado foi mais eficaz.

The role of purslane in modulating diverse effects of high fat diet on biochemical, histological, and molecular parameters of rats' liver / O papel da beldroega na modulação de diversos efeitos da dieta rica em gordura nos parâmetros bioquímicos, histológicos e moleculares do fígado de ratos

Consuming a high-fat diet causes a harmful accumulation of fat in the liver, which may not reverse even after switching to a healthier diet. Different reports dealt with the role of purslane as an extract against high-fat diet; meanwhile, it was necessary to study the potential role of fresh purslane as a hypolipidemic agent. This study is supposed to investigate further the potential mechanism in the hypolipidemic effect of fresh purslane, by measuring cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr). Rats were divided into two main groups: the first one is the normal control group (n=7 rats) and the second group (n=28 rats) received a high fat diet for 28 weeks to induce obesity. Then the high fat diet group was divided into equal four subgroups. As, the positive control group still fed on a high fat diet only. Meanwhile, the other three groups were received high-fat diet supplemented with a different percent of fresh purslane (25, 50 and 75%) respectively. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed and samples were collected for molecular, biochemical, and histological studies. Current study reported that, supplementation of fresh purslane especially at a concentration of 75% play an important role against harmful effects of high-fat diet at both cellular and organ level, by increasing CYP7A1 as well as Ldlr mRNA expression. Also, there were an improvement on the tested liver functions, thyroid hormones, and lipid profile. Fresh purslane plays the potential role as a hypolipidemic agent via modulation of both Ldlr and Cyp7A, which will point to use fresh purslane against harmful effects of obesity.

O consumo de uma dieta rica em gordura causa um acúmulo prejudicial de gordura no fígado, que pode não reverter mesmo após a mudança para uma dieta mais saudável. Diferentes relatórios trataram do papel da beldroega como um extrato contra uma dieta rica em gordura; entretanto, foi necessário estudar o papel potencial da beldroega fresca como agente hipolipemiante. Este estudo pretende investigar mais profundamente o mecanismo potencial no efeito hipolipidêmico da beldroega fresca, medindo o colesterol 7a-hidroxilase (CYP7A1) e o receptor de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (Ldlr). Os ratos foram divididos em dois grupos principais: o primeiro é o grupo controle normal (n = 7 ratos) e o segundo grupo (n = 28 ratos) recebeu dieta rica em gorduras por 28 semanas para induzir a obesidade. Em seguida, o grupo de dieta rica em gordura foi dividido em quatro subgrupos iguais. Como, o grupo de controle positivo ainda se alimentava apenas com dieta rica em gordura. Enquanto isso, os outros três grupos receberam dieta rica em gordura suplementada com diferentes porcentagens de beldroegas frescas (25%, 50% e 75%), respectivamente. Ao final do experimento, os ratos foram sacrificados e amostras coletadas para estudos moleculares, bioquímica e histológicos. O estudo atual relatou que a suplementação de beldroegas frescas, especialmente a uma concentração de 75%, desempenha papel importante contra os efeitos prejudiciais da dieta rica em gordura em nível celular e orgânico, aumentando a expressão de CYP7A1 e Ldlr mRNA. Além disso, houve melhora nas funções hepáticas testadas, nos hormônios tireoidianos e no perfil lipídico. Beldroegas frescas desempenham papel potencial como agente hipolipemiante por meio da modulação de Ldlr e Cyp7A, o que apontará para o uso de beldroegas frescas contra os efeitos nocivos da obesidade.

The role of purslane in modulating diverse effects of high fat diet on biochemical, histological, and molecular parameters of rats liver

Abstract Consuming a high-fat diet causes a harmful accumulation of fat in the liver, which may not reverse even after switching to a healthier diet. Different reports dealt with the role of purslane as an extract against high-fat diet; meanwhile, it was necessary to study the potential role of fresh purslane as a hypolipidemic agent. This study is supposed to investigate further the potential mechanism in the hypolipidemic effect of fresh purslane, by measuring cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr). Rats were divided into two main groups: the first one is the normal control group (n=7 rats) and the second group (n=28 rats) received a high fat diet for 28 weeks to induce obesity. Then the high fat diet group was divided into equal four subgroups. As, the positive control group still fed on a high fat diet only. Meanwhile, the other three groups were received high-fat diet supplemented with a different percent of fresh purslane (25, 50 and 75%) respectively. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed and samples were collected for molecular, biochemical, and histological studies. Current study reported that, supplementation of fresh purslane especially at a concentration of 75% play an important role against harmful effects of high-fat diet at both cellular and organ level, by increasing CYP7A1 as well as Ldlr mRNA expression. Also, there were an improvement on the tested liver functions, thyroid hormones, and lipid profile. Fresh purslane plays the potential role as a hypolipidemic agent via modulation of both Ldlr and Cyp7A, which will point to use fresh purslane against harmful effects of obesity.

Resumo O consumo de uma dieta rica em gordura causa um acúmulo prejudicial de gordura no fígado, que pode não reverter mesmo após a mudança para uma dieta mais saudável. Diferentes relatórios trataram do papel da beldroega como um extrato contra uma dieta rica em gordura; entretanto, foi necessário estudar o papel potencial da beldroega fresca como agente hipolipemiante. Este estudo pretende investigar mais profundamente o mecanismo potencial no efeito hipolipidêmico da beldroega fresca, medindo o colesterol 7a-hidroxilase (CYP7A1) e o receptor de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (Ldlr). Os ratos foram divididos em dois grupos principais: o primeiro é o grupo controle normal (n = 7 ratos) e o segundo grupo (n = 28 ratos) recebeu dieta rica em gorduras por 28 semanas para induzir a obesidade. Em seguida, o grupo de dieta rica em gordura foi dividido em quatro subgrupos iguais. Como, o grupo de controle positivo ainda se alimentava apenas com dieta rica em gordura. Enquanto isso, os outros três grupos receberam dieta rica em gordura suplementada com diferentes porcentagens de beldroegas frescas (25%, 50% e 75%), respectivamente. Ao final do experimento, os ratos foram sacrificados e amostras coletadas para estudos moleculares, bioquímica e histológicos. O estudo atual relatou que a suplementação de beldroegas frescas, especialmente a uma concentração de 75%, desempenha papel importante contra os efeitos prejudiciais da dieta rica em gordura em nível celular e orgânico, aumentando a expressão de CYP7A1 e Ldlr mRNA. Além disso, houve melhora nas funções hepáticas testadas, nos hormônios tireoidianos e no perfil lipídico. Beldroegas frescas desempenham papel potencial como agente hipolipemiante por meio da modulação de Ldlr e Cyp7A, o que apontará para o uso de beldroegas frescas contra os efeitos nocivos da obesidade.

The role of purslane in modulating diverse effects of high fat diet on biochemical, histological, and molecular parameters of rats' liver / O papel da beldroega na modulação de diversos efeitos da dieta rica em gordura nos parâmetros bioquímicos, histológicos e moleculares do fígado de ratos

Abstract Consuming a high-fat diet causes a harmful accumulation of fat in the liver, which may not reverse even after switching to a healthier diet. Different reports dealt with the role of purslane as an extract against high-fat diet; meanwhile, it was necessary to study the potential role of fresh purslane as a hypolipidemic agent. This study is supposed to investigate further the potential mechanism in the hypolipidemic effect of fresh purslane, by measuring cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr). Rats were divided into two main groups: the first one is the normal control group (n=7 rats) and the second group (n=28 rats) received a high fat diet for 28 weeks to induce obesity. Then the high fat diet group was divided into equal four subgroups. As, the positive control group still fed on a high fat diet only. Meanwhile, the other three groups were received high-fat diet supplemented with a different percent of fresh purslane (25, 50 and 75%) respectively. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed and samples were collected for molecular, biochemical, and histological studies. Current study reported that, supplementation of fresh purslane especially at a concentration of 75% play an important role against harmful effects of high-fat diet at both cellular and organ level, by increasing CYP7A1 as well as Ldlr mRNA expression. Also, there were an improvement on the tested liver functions, thyroid hormones, and lipid profile. Fresh purslane plays the potential role as a hypolipidemic agent via modulation of both Ldlr and Cyp7A, which will point to use fresh purslane against harmful effects of obesity.

Resumo O consumo de uma dieta rica em gordura causa um acúmulo prejudicial de gordura no fígado, que pode não reverter mesmo após a mudança para uma dieta mais saudável. Diferentes relatórios trataram do papel da beldroega como um extrato contra uma dieta rica em gordura; entretanto, foi necessário estudar o papel potencial da beldroega fresca como agente hipolipemiante. Este estudo pretende investigar mais profundamente o mecanismo potencial no efeito hipolipidêmico da beldroega fresca, medindo o colesterol 7a-hidroxilase (CYP7A1) e o receptor de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (Ldlr). Os ratos foram divididos em dois grupos principais: o primeiro é o grupo controle normal (n = 7 ratos) e o segundo grupo (n = 28 ratos) recebeu dieta rica em gorduras por 28 semanas para induzir a obesidade. Em seguida, o grupo de dieta rica em gordura foi dividido em quatro subgrupos iguais. Como, o grupo de controle positivo ainda se alimentava apenas com dieta rica em gordura. Enquanto isso, os outros três grupos receberam dieta rica em gordura suplementada com diferentes porcentagens de beldroegas frescas (25%, 50% e 75%), respectivamente. Ao final do experimento, os ratos foram sacrificados e amostras coletadas para estudos moleculares, bioquímica e histológicos. O estudo atual relatou que a suplementação de beldroegas frescas, especialmente a uma concentração de 75%, desempenha papel importante contra os efeitos prejudiciais da dieta rica em gordura em nível celular e orgânico, aumentando a expressão de CYP7A1 e Ldlr mRNA. Além disso, houve melhora nas funções hepáticas testadas, nos hormônios tireoidianos e no perfil lipídico. Beldroegas frescas desempenham papel potencial como agente hipolipemiante por meio da modulação de Ldlr e Cyp7A, o que apontará para o uso de beldroegas frescas contra os efeitos nocivos da obesidade.

Two Novel Flavone C-Glycosides Isolated From Afrocarpus Gracilior: Pom Analyses And In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity Aganist Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objective: Cancer is considered as one of the top reasons of death and the number of cases increasing gradually. Cancer is severe clinical difficulty to the health caution system. This study explored two novel polyphenols of Afrocarpus gracilior Pilger growing in Egypt and evaluated their cytotoxic activity. Methods: Methanolic (80%) extract of the leaves of A. gracilior was subjected to column chromatography; the chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established by advanced spectral techniques: UV, 1H, 13C NMR, two dimensional NMR (2D NMR) and electron spray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS). Compounds 1 and 2 were studied for their cytotoxic activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Furthermore the pharmacokinetics profiles of these molecules were accessed by employing Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration (POM) analyses. Results: Two novel C-flavonoid glycosides were isolated [1: Apigenin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1```→4``)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside] and [2: 7-O methyl-luteolin 8-C-β-glucopyranosyl-(1```→4``)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside]. They exhibited significant cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 9.02 and 15.61 µg/ml, respectively) against Hep-G2 cells. The POM analyses revealed that the activity of these two compounds depends on the presence of glucosyl and alkyl groups at the internal and terminal atmosphere of the compounds. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that the leaves of A. gracilior contain a series of bioactive polyphenolic compounds with significant cytotoxic properties against hepatocellular carcinoma and may be used as alternative anticancer agents for doxorubicin. On the basis of POM calculations, it will be interesting to develop some alternative flavones because the deglucosylated derivatives have a better drug score than parent molecules. This preliminary study will be extended to other strains of cancer.

Intravitreal bevacizumab [avastin] versus triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema

To evaluate and compare the anatomical [central macular thickness] and the functional [visual acuity] outcomes associated with a single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab [Avastin] versus triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema. The study included 74 eyes [56 patients] with diffuse diabetic macular edema, which were randomized into 2 groups according to the line of treatment used; bevacizumab group [group B] and triamcinolone group [group T]. The inclusion criteria are diffuse diabetic macular edema with fluorescein angiography evidence and central macular thickness [CMT] of at least 400u as measured by OCT. All eyes were subjected to complete ophthalmic examination, including best corrected visual acuity [BCVA] with the logarithm of minimal angle of resolution [log MAR], lOP and fundus biomicroscopy. Fundus photography of the macular region, fundus fluorescein angiography and OCT were performed for all eyes at baseline. 1.SmgIO.6m1 of bevacizumab or 4mgIO.lml of triamcinolone acetonide was injected into the vitreous cavity using a 27-gauge needle inserted through the inferotemporal pars plana 3.5mm from the limbus Patients were scheduled for follow-up examinations at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively. The outcome measures are the changes in CMT, changes in BCVA and any reported complication. There was no significant difference between the baseline mean CMT and mean BCVA [log MAR] of both groups [p>0.05]. Four weeks following the intravitreal injecthin, there was significant improvement in the mean CMT of both groups, but the difference between both groups was not statistically significant. The mean BCVA [log MAR] was significantly improved in both groups [p<0.05]. At 12 weeks, the mean CMT was still better than baseline in both groups, but this improvement was significant in group T only. The difference between both groups was statistically significant [p < 0.05]. The mean BCVA [log MAR] was significantly better in both groups and this improvement was significantly better in group T also. At 24 weeks, the mean CMT has increased to approximate the baseline again with a corresponding deterioration in the mean BCVA in both groups. In group T, the mean TOP was increased throughout the study and the maximum increase was reported at the 4th week [p < 0.05]. In group B, no significant change in the mean TOP was reported during the follow-up period. A single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide may be associated with greater beneficial effects on vision and central macular thickness than a single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for the short-term management of diffuse diabetic macular edema. However, careful monitoring of the TOP should be done in eyes receiving triamcinolone acetonide

Expression of adhesion molecule CD44V6 in salivary gland tumors

Salivary gland tumors are a morphologically and clinically diverse group of neoplasms which may present significant diagnostic and management challenges. Cell adhesion molecules [CAMs] are glyco-proteins that are present on the external surface of the cell membrane. CD44 is a cell adhesion molecule belonging to systemic IgCAMs family, and is remarkable for its ability to generate alternatively spliced forms, many of which differ in their activities. This remarkable flexibility has led to speculation that CD44, via its changing nature, plays a role in some of the methods that tumor cells use to progress successfully through growth and metastasis. To investigate the expression of CD44v6 in different types of salivary glands tumors and to correlate the results with some established prognostic factors. Sixty cases were studied. 21 were pleomorphic adenomas,, 9 Warthin's tumors, 6 monomorphic adenomas, 9 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, five adenoid cystic carcinomas, in addition to 10 normal controls. Clinical data were obtained from the referring clinical departments. The biopsy specimens were obtained by excision, true cut needle biopsy, or punch biopsy. Cases were selected by reviewing the hematoxylin and eosin [H and E] stained slides. Immunohistochemistry was done using the CD44v6 mouse monoclonal antibody raised against human species. CD44v6 was +ve in 46/60 [76, 7%] of salivary gland tumors studied; 35/40 [87.5%] benign salivary glands tumors and 11/20 [55%] malignant salivary gland tumors and this difference was statistically significant [P < 0.01]. CD44v6 was +ve in 16/21 [76%] of pleomorphic adenoma, in 9/9 [100%] of Warthin's tumors and in 6/6 of monomorphic adenoma. CD44v6 was +ve in 5/ 9 of mucoepidermoid carcinoma; 4/5 [80%] of low and intermediate grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma and in 1/4 [25%] of high grade malignant mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The 4 studied high grade malignant mucoepidermoid carcinoma were lymph node metastasis +ve. CD44V6 was +ve in 4/5 [80%] of adenoid cystic carcinoma. There was a statistically significant decrease in CD44v6 positivity [P < 0.03] in high grade malignant salivary gland tumors compared to low and intermediate grade tumors. There was also a statistically significant decrease in CD44v6 positivity [P < 0.01] in malignant salivary gland tumors received with lymph node metastasis compared with those lymph node metastasis negative cases. 1] Down regulation of CD44v6 plays an important role in malignant transformation of salivary gland tumors. 2] The degree of down-regulation is correlated, with progression towards higher grades and also with lymph node metastasis

Visual evoked potentials and color doppler sonography of ocular arteries in migraineurs with visual aura

Disorders of the visual function in migraineurs have been recognized by neurophysiological methods for many years. However, studies of the cortical visual evoked potentials have yielded contradictory results. Changes in the retrobulbar hemodynamic in migraineurs with visual auras, have not been researched extensively. The aim of the present work is to study the visual evoked potentials as well as the blood flow velocity, pulsatility index [PI] and resistance index [RI] in the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries in migraine patients with and without aura. The present study included thirty five migraine patients and fifteen healthy control subjects. Twenty patients have exclusively migraine with visual aura [MA], and fifteen without aura [MO]. The study was carried out during the headache-free periods, and all the patients and control groups were subjected to: complete general examination, thorough neurological and full ophthalmic examination, pattern-shift visual evoked potential [PS-VEP] assessment, and color doppler sonography of the ophthalmic [OA] and central retinal [CRA] arteries. PS-VEP assessment showed prolongation of the N75, P100, and N 145 latencies of the MA group, than in the MO and control groups, but significant difference was found only between the N75 and N145 latencies of the MA and control groups [P= 0.032, 0.039 respectively]. The mean P100-N145 amplitude of the MO group was significantly higher than that of the control group [P=0.021]. The mean P100-N145 amplitude of the MA group was lower than that of the MO group but still higher than the control group although none of the differences reached significant level. The mean PI of OA and CRA, mean RI of CRA, and mean end diastolic velocity of the CRA were significantly higher in MA group than in the control subjects. Migraineurs without aura [MO], when compared to the controls, they showed the same trend as the MA group, but none of the differences was statistically significant. The present study gives support to the role of cerebrovascular factors and ischemic damage in the prolongation of the VEP wave latencies and decreased P100 amplitude in migraine patients with visual aura. It also showed evidence of dysfunction in the retrobulbar circulation and hemodynamic changes that may explain some of the visual symptoms reported by most migraineurs

Hip arthrodesis in young adults using a trochanteric osteotomy, osteosynthesis and bone graft

Seventeen consecutive patients, mean age 26.65, SEM +/- 1.86 [range 16-40 years] underwent hip arthrodesis with osteosynthesis and bone graft. The exposure to the hip joint and the acetabular side was facilitated by the trochanteric osteotomy. The greater trochanter was reattached to the Cobra plate so that hip abduction could be restored should the fusion ever be converted to an arthroplasty. Alignment of the lower limb at 25 degree flexion, neutral abduction and neutral rotation was assisted and maintained during the operation. Chiari's osteotomy was done in two cases and was not necessary in the other fifteen cases because the femoral head was already medialized by the original disease. No postoperative immobilization was required. All patients had radiographic evidence of union by eight months. AT a mean follow up interval of one year, all patients had significant improvement in pain, function and gait

Supra condylar osteotomy of the humerus for correction of cubitus varus

Cubitus varus is the most common complication of supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children. Although function of the elbo is not greatly impaired, the deformity is unsightly. It usually results from malunion, since growth disturbance of the humerus after this fracture is uncommon. The normal carrying angle can be restored by supracondylar osteotomy. This operation was done in 15 patients over a three years by using the technique of supracondylar closing wedge osteotomy. The results are reviewed in the light of previous reports. This method proved safe, simple and satisfactory

Open tibial fractures treated by anterior unilateral external fixation

20 tibial fractures have been managed with a unilateral external fixator due to severe tissue problems. Indications, technique of stabilization and follow-up of the fractures are presented. Eleven fractures healed with external stabilization alone. In seven cases the bone healing had achieved by the help of bone graft. Two fractures fixed with an intramedullary nail. This study proves that the unilateral external fixator is a helpful and harmless device which allows quick primary stable fixation for open tibial fractures without compromising further treatment of bone as well as soft tissue. It is therefore recommended mainly for initial treatment of polytraumatized patients with difficult lower leg fractures